英文連接詞 ToolCard

來源:用戶提供嘅16頁手寫/打字連接詞講義(2026-08-04上傳,共15張圖,Part1+Part2)。原始文件同一套8-9個類別重複出現5-7輪,詞單70-80%重疊。本ToolCard已去重、修正分類混淆、補上語法限制,按「Trigger→Tool」框架重組,供直接套用去陌生句子/作文題。使用原則(同中文/生物/英文其他科目ToolCard一致):呢張表唔係要求背晒所有詞,而係練到「見到一個寫作情境,即刻識判斷用邊一類連接詞、有咩結構陷阱」。

1. 三大易混淆組合(原文件混用,必須先分清)

混淆組合	差異	例子
递进 vs 并列 vs 增补	递进=語氣遞增,帶「仲有更強一點」語感;并列=純平等列舉;增补=附加次要信息	递进:moreover, furthermore, what's more / 并列:and, both...and, not only...but also / 增补:besides, in addition, also
转折(contrast) vs 让步(concession)	转折連接兩個對等、相反嘅分句;让步係單一分句本身承認相反事實再轉折,句式結構完全不同	转折:however, but, on the contrary(獨立句,前面要句號/分號) / 让步:although+完整分句、despite+名詞/動名詞(同一句內)
解释(restatement) vs 举例(exemplification)	解释=換句話說重述同一件事;举例=用具體例子支持論點,原文件將"in other words"錯歸兩類都有	解释:in other words, that is, namely / 举例:for example, for instance, such as, a case in point

2. 核心類別總表(Trigger → Tool)

類別	高頻核心詞(DSE寫作首選)	完整詞庫(去重)	語法限制/易錯陷阱
递进 Addition(遞增)	moreover, furthermore, what's more	also, besides, in addition, additionally, further, again, too, as well, on top of that, another	furthermore/moreover 用喺句首,後面要逗號;唔可以直接接名詞(✗furthermore the plan)
并列 Coordination	and, both...and, not only...but also	or, either...or, neither...nor, as well as	not only...but also 帶倒裝(Not only DID he..., but he also...);neither...nor 動詞跟最近主詞
举例 Exemplification	for example, for instance, such as	to illustrate, as an illustration, a case in point, for one thing/for another, take...for example, except(for)	for example/instance 後面用逗號起完整句;such as 後面接名詞/名詞短語,唔接完整句子
解释/重述 Explanation	that is, namely, in other words	to put it differently, in simpler terms, as a matter of fact, in this case, frankly speaking, to put it in a nutshell	namely 用嚟具體點名前面提到嘅事物,唔可以起新句
比较(相似) Comparison	similarly, likewise, in the same way	equally, in comparison, in a like manner, just as, be similar to, compared with/to	compared with/to 帶名詞短語結構,同 similarly/likewise 純副詞用法唔同,唔可以互換位置
对照/转折 Contrast	however, on the other hand, in contrast	but, yet, still, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the contrary, whereas, while, unlike, conversely, otherwise, by contrast, in sharp contrast, instead of, rather than, as opposed to	however做句子副詞時前後要逗號,唔能夠用逗號直接連接兩個完整句(comma splice),要用句號/分號:"..., however, ..."或"...; however, ...";★instead of/rather than 後面要接同一詞性嘅並列結構(instead of + V-ing;rather than + V原形/V-ing,通常對應主句動詞形式)
让步 Concession	although, though, despite/in spite of	even though, even if, notwithstanding, albeit, granted, for all that, regardless (of), all the same, even so, while it is true that..., at least(最低程度讓步,非完整讓步句式)	★despite/in spite of 後面接名詞/動名詞/the fact that,唔可以直接接完整分句(✗despite he was tired;✓despite being tired / despite the fact that he was tired);although/though/even though 後面必須跟完整分句(主詞+動詞);albeit後面通常接形容詞/分詞短語(a good, albeit expensive, plan);"at least"喺閱讀理解入面常做轉折/退讓trigger,表示「起碼呢一點係事實」,唔等於完整讓步句
因果-原因 Cause	because, since, due to	as, for, owing to, thanks to, on account of, because of, given that, seeing that, in view of	because of/due to/owing to 後面接名詞/名詞短語;because/since/as 後面接完整分句;★"because...and because..."雙重原因鏈——閱讀理解常見結構,兩個原因分別對應multi-item(羅馬數字)選項嘅兩個子項,唔可以淨答一半
因果-結果 Effect	therefore, as a result, so	thus, hence, consequently, accordingly, as a consequence, on this/that account, in this way	therefore/thus/hence 正式書面語,so 較口語化;so...that / such...that 係固定結構(so + adj/adv + that;such + a/an + n + that)
条件 Condition	if, unless	as/so long as, on condition that, provided (that)	unless = if...not,唔可以疊加否定(✗unless...not)
目的 Purpose	so that, in order to	in order that, so as to, for this purpose, lest	so as to / in order to 後面接動詞原形;so that/in order that 後面接完整分句(常帶can/could/will/would)
让步關係wh-ever	no matter how/what/who	however, whatever, whoever, whichever, wherever, whenever	wh-ever單字形式同no matter+wh係同義替換,唔可以講no matter+wh-ever(重複)
时间顺序 Time sequence	first...then...finally	next, afterwards, meanwhile, in the meantime, eventually, immediately, at last, subsequently, simultaneously, since, until, soon, later, as soon as, once, by the time	firstly/secondly/finally 一組要前後呼應,唔好中途轉用first/second風格不一;★"then"/"suddenly"喺記敍/閱讀理解文入面唔淨係表示時間先後,仲常做「劇情/語氣突然轉向」嘅trigger,見到要停低諗多一步
倒裝/強調句式 Inversion & Correlative	no sooner...than, hardly...when, not until...that	scarcely...when, the more...the more, so + adj + that(倒裝版:So + adj + be + S...that)	★no sooner/hardly/scarcely放句首時,後面主句要倒裝(Hardly HAD he arrived when...);not until...that 結構:not until前半唔倒裝,that後面正常語序(Not until he apologized THAT she forgave him — 常見DSE grammar cloze考點)
空间顺序 Spatial sequence	in front of, behind, near	beside, above, below, to the right/left of, opposite, beyond, on the other side of	主要用喺描述圖表/場景題,議論文少用
方式手段 Manner/Means	by, in this way	as, as if, the way	as if 後面用過去式表虛擬(as if he WERE...)
强调 Emphasis	indeed, in fact, obviously	actually, certainly, undoubtedly, without any doubt, above all, particularly, especially, needless to say, surely	in fact/indeed 用嚟加強語氣或修正前句,唔等於"事實上"單純陳述
总结/概括 Conclusion	in conclusion, to sum up, in short	in brief, in a word, on the whole, all in all, generally speaking, in summary, to conclude, as has been said, altogether	一篇文結尾淨用一個,唔好疊用(✗In conclusion, to sum up, ...)

3. 六個句式模板(原文件獨有價值——示範連接詞點樣鑲入完整句子)

用途	模板	適用位置
表態/立場	As far as I am concerned, the advantages of ... outweigh its disadvantages.	議論文開段/結段表個人立場
讓步後轉折(整段)	Nevertheless, the disadvantages of ... is undeniable.	承認反方觀點後轉折
總結段開頭	To sum up / In general / On the whole / In brief / In short / In a word, it is true that ... bring about both positive and negative results. But we can try our best to reduce the negative influence to the least extent.	結尾段落萬用開頭+讓步+建議收尾
概括轉承	Obviously, in every aspect, ...	由具體例子轉向概括論點
圖表描述開頭	This diagram unfolds a clear comparison between ... and ...	圖表/數據題描述開段
比較轉折(部分讓步)	As to the other three, though the growth rates were not so high, they were indeed remarkable and impressive.	部分肯定+部分保留嘅評價句式

4. 正式度分層(邊啲啱DSE寫作,邊啲太老派/太口語)

高階正式(學術/議論文加分詞,但用多會顯得堆砌,每篇1-2個足夠):notwithstanding, thereby, as has been said, in a like manner, on this/that account, for the reason that
中性正式(DSE Paper 2 主力,任何議論文都應該熟練):however, therefore, moreover, furthermore, in contrast, although, as a result, in conclusion, for example, in other words
口語化/隨意(小心用喺正式作文,啱口頭表達/informal letter):so, but, still, anyway, after all, of course

5. 閱讀理解交叉印證發現嘅組合陷阱(2026-08-04補充)

對照六篇已練習嘅DSE閱讀理解文章(Dimples on Demand/My Left Foot/Urban Legends/Kites/Hong Kong Diary/Overworked and Underplayed)發現:

让步+转折疊用(Overworked一文"Despite such concerns...however"):同一段先用让步詞承認反方顧慮,再用转折詞轉去下一層論點——呢個唔係單一句式,係「兩層轉向」,讀嗰陣要分開標記,唔可以當一次轉折處理。
因果鏈式結構(Kites一文"Because...and because..."):兩個原因並列出現,對應閱讀理解multi-item(羅馬數字)選項嘅兩個子項,漏答一個就會揀錯選項。
目的連接詞後嘅關鍵詞借用陷阱("in order to"接住嗰句先係真正目的,選項會抽後文一個真實出現過嘅字眼但配錯主體/動詞)——寫作嗰陣自己用"in order to"時,反過來要確保接住嗰句真係目的,唔好留一個模糊嘅動作喺後面。

6. 自我檢測建議

下一步唔係背呢張表,而係做「陌生句子填空」練習:攞一段冇連接詞嘅段落,蓋住邏輯關係,問自己「呢兩句之間係遞进/转折/因果/让步邊一種關係」,再揀啱嘅Trigger詞——如果識自動判斷,先算真正掌握。