Success_主題詞彙複習講義.md

Success_主題詞彙複習講義.md

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·Agent created by jatlung ting
My Agent·Agent created by jatlung ting

「Something to Shout About」單元 — Success 主題詞彙複習講義

適用範圍：HKDSE 英語科 Reading / Listening / Speaking / Writing 通用 涵蓋：動詞搭配 (Collocations)、片語動詞 (Phrasal Verbs)、成語 (Idioms)、近義詞辨析 (Word Discrimination)

一、動詞 + 名詞搭配 (Verb-Noun Collocations)

1.1 與「成功／醫療／責任」相關的搭配

搭配 (Collocation)中文意思例句
undergo surgery接受手術She had to undergo surgery after the accident.
offer guidance提供指導Teachers should offer guidance to struggling students.
anticipate somebody's next step預料某人下一步行動A good manager can anticipate his team's next step.
lose weight減重He lost weight during his chemotherapy.
give somebody confidence給予某人信心Winning the award gave her confidence.
perpetuate the myth延續／助長迷思Some athletes perpetuate the myth of being superhuman.
take responsibility承擔責任You must take responsibility for your own studies.
diagnose somebody with cancer診斷某人患癌He was diagnosed with cancer at the age of 40.
show ill effects顯現不良影響Surprisingly, he showed no ill effects from the treatment.
formulate a question擬定問題Examiners formulate questions based on the set texts.

記憶貼士：這組搭配全部與「文本主題：成功背後的努力與代價」有關 —— 可用於寫作中描述某人克服逆境的過程。

1.2 Get / Gain / Win / Earn —— 四個「取得」類動詞的正確配搭

這四個動詞意思相近但搭配對象不同，DSE 選詞題常考：

名詞getgainwinearn
control of a situation✓
promotion✓✓(較正式/體育感)✓
the title✓
sb's respect✓✓✓
a reputation✓✓
the right to do/have sth✓✓
experience✓✓
a salary✓
one's living✓
the advantage✓

用法辨析：

  • earn — 強調「憑努力應得」(salary, respect, living, reputation)
  • win — 強調「贏得比賽/競爭式」的成果 (title, respect as admiration)
  • gain — 強調「逐漸獲得」(control, experience, advantage, reputation)
  • get — 中性、口語化，泛指獲得任何東西

例句：

  1. The heavyweight champion gained control over his opponent in the last round.
  2. She went to work in a restaurant to gain experience as a chef.
  3. When he first came to this country he earned his living as a dish washer.
  4. He's very well-paid for his freelance writing but he also earns a salary from the bookshop.
  5. She earned a reputation as a tough businesswoman.

二、固定片語 (Fixed Phrases with "on")

片語意思例句
on the off-chance碰碰運氣／萬一You could ring my boss on the off-chance there's a vacancy.
on second thoughts重新考慮後On second thoughts, let's have a surprise party at home.
on a whim一時衝動She manages her boutiques completely on a whim.
on a budget預算有限I'm on a budget and really can't afford a gift.
on principle基於原則/信念He refuses to compromise on principle.
on one's own獨立地She started the business on her own.
on target符合預期/進度Our sales figures are right on target for the year.
on duty當值中The nurse is on duty tonight.
on purpose故意地He did it on purpose to annoy her.
on condition that條件是／只要I'll lend you the money on condition that you pay it back.

三、片語動詞 (Phrasal Verbs) —— CARRY 與 WEAR

這兩個動詞意思因搭配的介詞/副詞而完全不同，必須整組記憶：

CARRY 系列

片語動詞意思例句
carry on繼續The minister carried on with the ceremony despite the noise.
carry out執行A trainee carried out his superior's orders efficiently.
carry sth through貫徹完成（目標／計劃）She set out to carry her career goals through.
carry over（問題／情緒）延續到另一範疇His work difficulties carried over into his personal life.
carry off成功贏得（獎項／艱難任務）The Jamaicans carried off the trophy in the bob-sledding event.

WEAR 系列

片語動詞意思例句
wear down逐漸削弱（抵抗力／意志）Her employer's enthusiasm wore down her resistance to the scheme.
wear off（感覺／效果）逐漸消退The shock of the promotion slowly wore off.
wear on（時間）緩慢流逝As the day wore on, the graduate got more excited.
wear out耗盡／用壞He joked that he wore out a hundred pairs of trainers before winning the title.
wear away磨損／磨蝕Stop pacing or you'll wear away the polish on the floor!

四、成語 (Idioms) —— 描述「成功／情緒/性格」的地道表達

成語意思例句
have the world at one's feet前途無限、集萬千寵愛Due to her CD's success, the young diva has the world at her feet.
be in seventh heaven樂上雲霄、非常開心She was in seventh heaven when she won the prize.
be a feather in one's cap值得驕傲的成就Winning that award was a feather in his cap.
have one's head in the clouds不切實際、心不在焉He's got his head in the clouds — he never plans ahead.
keep on top of things掌控大局、事事有條理A good manager always keeps on top of things.
keep up with the Joneses與人攀比（物質生活）They're always trying to keep up with the Joneses.
rub sb up the wrong way惹惱某人His ability to control the goings-on sometimes rubs colleagues up the wrong way.
steal the show搶盡風頭The child actor stole the show at the premiere.
work one's fingers to the bone拼命苦幹My grandfather worked his fingers to the bone to send his children to university.
work one's way up (to the top)一步步晉升到頂層Over the years, Sue has worked her way up in the law firm.

五、近義詞辨析 (Word Discrimination) —— 「成就／目標」類

選項用法差異例句
resolution（新年）決心I always make a New Year's resolution.
decision決定（一般）The board's decision to sell shares met resistance.
objective（長期／職務上的）目標My main objective as vice-president is to increase productivity.
victory勝利（比賽/戰事）In celebration of their victory, the team sang the anthem.
breakthrough突破（研究/科學）The scientist finally made the breakthrough he'd been striving for.
achievement成就（籠統，多年累積）A reception was held to salute her life-long achievement.
ethics道德規範（學科/行業）Business ethics should be a required course.
values價值觀（個人品格）Children should acquire strong moral values young.
rights權利A manager should respect the rights of workers.
ambition野心／進取心（中性偏正面）One must have a strong ambition to succeed.
inspiration靈感The poet got his inspiration from nature.
obsession執念（偏負面，過度）His obsession with money and power didn't make him happy.
luxury奢侈品Owning more than one vehicle is considered a luxury.
prosperity繁榮（國家/時代）King Albert's reign was one of peace and prosperity.
fortune財富／運氣He made his fortune through luck and connections.

六、易混淆詞 (Words Often Confused)

句子正確答案辨析
The idea had first been considered as far ___ as the late 50s.back"as far back as" = 早在...時候（時間）
For the ___ of managing your finances...purposepurpose（目的，接 of） vs. object/aim/intention 較少配 "for the ___ of"
Situated ___ beside the lake...rightright beside = 就在...旁邊（強調位置精確）
The regulations ___ to all employees.applyapply to sb = 適用於
A job ad ___ his eye.caughtcatch sb's eye = 吸引某人注意（固定搭配）
For a 10-year-old car, it is in excellent ___.conditioncondition = （物件的）狀況

使用建議

  1. 每日 10 分鐘：蓋住中文欄，用英文欄自我測試造句。
  2. 寫作應用：Paper 2 描述人物成就/職業成功時，優先使用 idioms（如 work one's way up, have the world at one's feet）和 collocations（earn a reputation, gain experience），比用簡單詞（get, become successful）評分更高。
  3. 口語應用：Speaking Part 2 比較圖片時，可用近義詞辨析組的詞（achievement / victory / breakthrough）精準描述不同類型的成功。
  4. 溫習節奏：先背 Idioms + Phrasal Verbs（最易忘記），再鞏固 Collocations，最後專攻近義詞辨析（DSE Paper 1 Part 2 常考）。

本講義內容整理自單元練習 Ex.3a, Ex.6, Ex.7, Ex.8, Ex.9（Vocabulary Practice / Language Focus）及 Ex.2, Ex.5（Career Success 部分）。 __